-
Distinguish between chemical terms and disciplines
Assessment Strategies
on a written evaluation
Criteria
you explain each of the following terms: chemistry, scientific method, hypothesis, theory, model, law, principle
you list the steps of the scientific method
you compare the following pairs of terms: a) hypothesis and theory; b) theory and law; c) law and principle; d) observation and interpretation; e) qualitative and quantitative
you distinguish among the following chemical disciplines - organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry, analytical chemistry
-
Explore the characteristics of matter and energy
Assessment Strategies
on a written evaluation
Criteria
you explain each of the following terms: matter, element, atom, molecule, compounds, energy, solution, miscible, immiscible, law of conservation of energy, law of conservation of mass, crystalline, viscosity and diffuse
you state the characteristics of solids, liquids and gases
you identify the following pairs of terms: a) physical and chemical properties; b) physical and chemical changes; c) pure substances and mixtures; d) mass and weight; e) endothermic and exothermic; f) potential and kinetic energy
you classify sample of matter as elements, compounds, pure substances, heterogeneous mixtures and/or homogeneous mixtures (solutions)
you draw a temperature versus heat, phase change diagram for water, and are able to identify which phases are present at different sections of the curve
you describe the motion of atoms or molecules in the three common phases of matter
you represent the three phases of matter using small circles as atoms and molecules
you differentiate the law of definite composition (or definite proportions) from the law of conservation of mass
-
Solve problems using measurements and conversions
Assessment Strategies
on a written evaluation
by submitting the completed lab report
Criteria
you explain each of the following terms: metric (SI) system, significant figures, dimensional analysis, precision, accuracy, temperature, absolute zero, density, specific gravity, temperature, heat
you state the common metric prefixes, their meaning and their abbreviations (bold print, table 3.2 p. 38 in the text)
you state if it is a length, volume or mass unit, given a common metric unit
you state the relationship between millites (mL) and cubic centimeters (cc, cm3).
you explain why units are so important in solving problems by the dimensional analysis technique
you convert a metric value of length, mass or volume to any other metric unit of length, mass or volume
you are able to convert a metric or English value of length, mass or volume, to a given value in the other system - when connections between the two systems are given
you solve multiple step dimensional analysis problems
you state the number of significant figures in a given number
you round a given number to the stated number of significant figures
you express the answers to multiplication, division, addition and subtraction problems to the proper number of significant figures
you put a given number into standard scientific notation and do the reverse
you calculate a third value given any two of the following - density, mass, volume
you calculate the answer to given mathematical problems that involve the use of numbers in scientific notation
you calculate the third value given any two of the following - density, mass, volume
you calculate the correspending values on the other two temperature scales given the mathematical connections and a Kelvin, Celsius or Fahrenheit temperature
-
Analyze the relationships between elements and atoms
Assessment Strategies
on a written evaluation
by submitting the completed lab report
Criteria
you explain each of the following terms: chemical symbol, chemical formula, electron, proton, neuron, nucleus, isotope, atomic number, mass number, group, family, period, Law of Definite Proportions (constant Composition), Law of Multiple Proportions, atomic mass unit (amu), mole, Avogadro's Number
you write the name and/or chemical symbol for all the elements in Table 4.1 of the text
you state the relative mass, charge, and abbreviation of the three subatomic particles in an atom
you state the arrangement (location) of the subatomic particles in an atom
you state the number of electrons, protons, and neutrons, as well as the atomic number and mass number given the symbolism for the isotope of element X (A over Z/X, element = A)
you state the period and group of a given element
you identify elements in the following families: alkali metals, alkaline earth elements, halogens, rare gases (noble gases)
you list the properties of metals, nonmetals and metalloids
you identify elements as: metal, metalloids or nonmetals; representative (main group), transition, or inner transition elements
you state the elements (name and/or formula) that normally exist as homonuclear diatomic molecules
youexplain the meaning of a given statement from Dalton's Atomic theory
you state the number of atoms of each element in a given chemical formula
you state the number of particles in 1 mole (=Avogadro's number).
you fill in the information in the blanks for a chemical susbstance: 1 mole = __________ formula units = ___________ grams
you solve dimensional analysis problems using the connections given in objective 14.
-
Explore the atomic structure
Assessment Strategies
on a written evaluation
Criteria
you explain each of the following terms: radioactivity, alpha particle, beta particle, gamma ray, wave mechanical model of the atom, energy level (shell), energy sublevel (subshell), atomic orbital, valence electrons, Hund's rule, Pauli Exclusion Principle, ionization energy, ion, ground state, excited state, quanta, photon.
you describe the atom as viewed by Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr, and Schrodinger
you compare the three types of radiation emitted by the nuclei of radioactive atoms: alpha, beta, gamma, being sure to include an understanding of penetrating power and damage to tissue
you relate the wavelength (v), frequency (v), and energy of light (electromagnetic energy)
you state the relationship between and line spectrum for an atom and its electrons
you relate energy changes to the movement of electrons (referring to the Bohr model of an atom)
you fill in a Bohr diagram like that shown for any element up to atomic number 20. O ) ) ) )
you fill in a Bohr diagram for simple positive and negative ions derived from representative (main group) elements
you draw the electron dot (Lewis dot) symbol for a given main group element
you calculate the maximum number of electrons possible in a given energy level of an atom, a given energy sublevel of an atom, and any atomic orbital
you state the number and kind of sublevels in any given energy level of an atom
you draw and identify the shape of s, p, and d orbitals
you write both the long and short (rare gas core) form for the electron configuration of any element up to atomic number 56
you fill in an orbital diagram for any given element
-
Explore inorganic compounds
Assessment Strategies
on a written evaluation
by submitting the completed lab report
Criteria
you explain each of the following terms: ion, catiion, anion, monatomic ion, polyatomic ion, oxyanion, acid, polyprotic acid, Stock system, hydrate
you predict the charge (sign and magnitude) for monatomic ions formed from Main Group elements
you predict the correct formula for the ionic compound formed between two elements iven a metal and non-metal element from the Main Groups
you write the correct name and/or formula (depending on what is given) for a substance in any of the following categories: a) binary ionic compounds (with simple cations or cations with multiple charges); b) ionic compounds containing polyatomic ions; binary molecular compounds; d) binary acids; ternary acids; e) ternary acids (oxyacids); f) hydrates
you explain the meaning of the Roman numerous and -ous and -ic suffices in the naming of metallic ions
you know the -ous, -ic system (classical system) for naming metals that form more than one positively charged ion
you identify the formula of a compund as ionic or covalent
you state the name and formula for the following polyatomic ions: polyatomic ion with 1+ charge: ammonium ion, NH4+ (ammonium); polyatomic ions with 1- charge: NO3- (nitrate), CN- (cyanide), OH- (hydroxide), C2H3O2- (acetate); polyatomic ions with 2- charge: CO32- (carbonate), SO42- (sulfate); polyatomic ions with 3- charge: PO43- (phosphate)
you state several properties of acids
you state the relationship between -ate and -ic and -ite and -ous and -ide and hydro_ic terminology when naming acids and anions
-
Analyze the periodic properties of elements
Assessment Strategies
on a written evaluation
by submitting the completed lab report
Criteria
you define each of the following terms: isoelectronic, cation, anion, monatomic ion, allotrope, actinide element, lanthanide element, transuranium element, sublime, oxidation number
you are familiar in general with the contributions made by Dobereiner, Newland, Mendeeleev and Meyer to the modern organization of elements into the Periodic Table
you state the modern Periodic Law
you state and interpret trends of the Periodic Table in both the periods and groups for: a) metallic character; b) ionization energy; c) atomic size; d) density; e) melting points; f) boiling points
you predict the charge (plus or minus) for monatomic ions formed from Main group elements
you determine which is larger, an atom of an element and the monatomic ion which it forms
you state some of the general properties of the elements in each of the following categories: hydrogen; transition metals; inner transition elements; rare gases (noble gases); groups 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A (main group elements)
-
Examine chemical bonds
Assessment Strategies
on a written evaluation
Criteria
you explain each of the following terms: chemical bond, isoelectronic, cation, anion, crystal lattice, monatomic ion, single bond, double bond, triple bond, ionic bond, polar covalent bond, nonpolar covalent bond, metallic bond, electronegativity, bond dipole, molecular dipole, Lewis (electron dot) structure, oxidation, reduction, bonding electrons, nonbonding electrons, hydrogen bond
you state the octet rule (rule of eight, rare gas configuration) and the duet rule
you predict the charge (sign and magnitude) for monatomic ions formed from Main group elements
you compare ionic bonds, covalent bonds and metallic bonds
you predict the correct formula for the compound for the ionic compound formed between a metallic and a nonmetallic Main group element
you identify the formula of a compunt as ionic or covalent
you predict correct formulas for simple molecular compounds and simple polyatomic ions using electron dot symbols
you state which of two elements is the more electronegative using a Periodic Table and knowing the trends in electronegativity
you state which bonds in the compound are polar, and which are nonpolar covalent bonds given a molecular compound
you use both the arrow and delta symbolism to show the direction of the bond dipole in polar covalent bonds
you state if the molecule is a polar molecule or a nonpolar molecule given the shape (geometry) of a molecule
you explain the formation of covalent bonds by using the overlap of atomic orbitals
you state the effect of polarity on the solubility of substances ("like dissolves like")
you identify when hydrogen bonding can occur between two molecules
you recognize the chemical bonding characteristics (as shown in table 8.1 in the text) for the different types of bonding
-
Determine chemical quantities
Assessment Strategies
on a written evaluation
by submitting the completed lab report
Criteria
you describe each of the following terms: molar mass, empirical formula, molecular formula
you calculate the percent (by mass) of each element in the compound given the formula of a compound
you use either the direct composition or the percent composition to calculate the amount of a given element in a specific amount of a compound
you state the connection amongst moles, particles, and grams for any substance, and able to solve problems using these connections
you state the mole relationship between a compound and the atoms (or ions) that make it up; able to solve problems using these connections
you determine the empirical formula, and vice versa given a molecular formula
you calculate the empirical formula for a compound given composition data (masses or percents)
you determine the molecular formula given the empirical formula and the formula mass for a compound
-
Explore chemical reactions
Assessment Strategies
on a written evaluation
by submitting the completed lab report
Criteria
you define each of the following terms: reactant, product, skeletal equation, balanced chemical equation, coefficients, oxidation-reduction reaction, redox, double replacement reaction (metathesis), single replacement reaction, redox, double replacement reaction (metathesis), single replacement reaction, combustion reaction, combination reaction (synthesis reaction), decomposition reaction, neutralization reaction, molecular equation, total (complete) ionic equation, net ionic equation, spectator ion
you explain the meaning of the symbols used in chemical equations that were discussed in class, and able to use them properly in equations
you state the law of conservation of mass and its relationship to a balanced chemical equation
you balance a skeletal chemical equation
you write the formula equation and vice versa given a word equation
you identify a chemical reaction as one or more of the following types: redox, double displacement, single replacement, combustion, combination, decomposition
you state the 3 classes of substances that cause double displacement reactions to occur
you state the three common compounds that will decompose to produce gases and the gases they will produce
you write the correct formula for the product(s) of the following reactions and balance the reactions: double displacement; single replacement; simple combination, simple decomposition given the reactants
you state the ions that give ionic compounds good solubility in water: sodium, potassium, ammonium, and nitrate
you use a solubility table (such as table 10.2 in the text) to determine if an ionic compound is soluble in water
you explain the form in which soluble ionic compounds exist in water solution
you write the total (complete) ionic equation, net ionic equation and identify any spectator ions given an equation
-
Examine stoichiometry
Assessment Strategies
on a written evaluation
Criteria
you describe each of the following terms: mole ratio, stoichiometry, limiting reagent (reactant), excess reactant, percent yield, actual yield, theoretical yield
you state the meaning of the coefficients of a balanced chemical equation in terms of moles, formula units, molecules
you solve the following types of stoichiometry problems: a) moles A ---> moles B; b) moles A ---> grams B; c) grams A ---> grams B; d) moles A ---> formula units of B; e) grams A ---> formula units of B; f) formula units of A ---> formula units of B
you a) determine the maximum amount of a given product formed; b) identify the limiting and excess reactants given a limiting reactant problem
you calculate the percent yield for the reaction given an actual yield and the theoretical yield (or enough information to calculate the theoretical yield)
-
Solve solution problems
Assessment Strategies
on a written evaluation
by submitting the completed lab report
Criteria
you explain each of the following terms: solute, solvent, solution, concentrated, dilute, saturated, unsaturated, supersaturated, molarity, soluble, insoluble, miscible, immiscible, mass percent, ppm, ppb.
you explain how you would test a solution to determine if it were saturated, unsaturated or supersaturated
you explain the general rule of solubility: like dissolves like
you calculate the mass percent of the solution given the masses of solute and solvent (or solution)
you solve dilution problems using the connection: volume 1 x concentration 1 = volume 2 x concentration 2
-
Distinguish between chemical terms and disciplines
Assessment Strategies
on a written test
in lab performance
Criteria
you identify safety equipment
you identify safety procedures
you identify laboratory equipment
you use Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
you follow safety procedures when using laboratory equipment
-
Explore the characteristics of matter and energy
Assessment Strategies
on a written test
on homework assignments
in lab assignments
Criteria
you distinguish among the physical states of matter
you identify changes in physical states of matter
you distinguish between mixtures and pure substances
you distinguish between compounds and elements
you relate physical states to intermolecular forces
-
Solve problems using measurements and conversions
Assessment Strategies
on a written test
on homework assignments
in lab assignments
Criteria
you use scientific tools and methods to solve problems
you use the various systems of measurements
you convert within and between systems of measurement
you round off numbers
you write numbers using appropriate significant figures
you use scientific notation
you distinguish between accuracy and precision
you solve word problems
you determine derived properties (such as density, heat capacity, volume, area)
-
Analyze the relationships between elements and atoms
Assessment Strategies
on a written test
on homework assignments
in lab assignments
Criteria
you explore the basic structure of the atom
you explore the properties of subatomic particles
you use the periodic table to determine the atomic symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass of an element
you use the periodic table to determine the electronic configuration of an atom
you classify an element as to metal, nonmetal, noble gas
you explain periodic relationships
-
Explore the atomic structure
Assessment Strategies
on a written test
on homework assignments
in lab assignments
Criteria
you determine valence electrons for main group elements
you relate octet rule to chemical bonding
you explain the formation of an ionic bond
you use the periodic table to determine ionic charge
you explain the formation of a covalent bond
you use the periodic table to determine an element's covalence
you relate electronegativity differences between atoms to the type of bond they form
you create molecular models
-
Examine the scientific method and tools to solve problems
Assessment Strategies
on a written evaluation
by submitting the completed lab report
Criteria
you apply the steps in the scientific method to problems
you apply standard laboratory and safety rules
you use laboratory equipment appropriately
lab report includes quantitative observations
lab report includes qualitative observations
lab report includes conclusions from your observations
lab report includes appropriate scientific vocabulary
lab report includes complete answers to assigned questions using appropriate scientific vocabulary
-
Explain the behavior of matter during a chemical reaction
Assessment Strategies
on a written test
on homework assignments
in lab assignments
Criteria
you differentiate between physical, nuclear and chemical changes
you describe chemical reactions using equations
you classify types of reactions
you relate experimental observations to chemical changes
-
Calculate quantities of reactants and products using balanced chemical equations
Assessment Strategies
on a written test
on homework assignments
in lab assignments
Criteria
you relate atomic mass to gram molecular weight
you balance chemical equations
you use the mole concept to solve stoichiometry problems
-
Calculate the concentration of aqueous solutions
Assessment Strategies
on a written test
on homework assignments
in lab assignments
Criteria
you explain the components of a solution
you calculate solution concentrations
you solve concentration problems
you explore factors affecting solubility
you explore colligative properties
-
Explain chemical equilibrium
Assessment Strategies
on a written test
on homework assignments
in lab assignments
Criteria
you summarize dynamic equilibrium
you apply Le Chatelier's principle
-
Compare the characteristics of acids, bases, salts, and buffers
Assessment Strategies
on a written test
on homework assignments
in lab assignments
Criteria
you distinguish between the properties of acids and bases
you characterize acid-base reactions
you examine the pH scale
you calculate the pH of a solution
you summarize how a buffer works
-
Solve problems involving gas laws
Assessment Strategies
on a written test
on homework assignments
in lab assignments
Criteria
you explore the kinetic molecular theory
you use appropriate units of measure for temperature, pressure and volume
you apply the gas laws to solve problems