30-531-101EMT 2
Course Information
Description
This curriculum prepares students to perform emergency medical care sanctioned by the Wisconsin Department of Health Services, EMS Section scope of practice for the Emergency Medical Technician (EMT). Includes foundational knowledge and skill application for EMT in the following areas: the EMS system, EMT responsibilities, legal and ethical standards, patient movement techniques, pathophysiology, body systems and functions, patient assessment and treatment, pharmacology, shock and resuscitation, age-specific patient considerations, special medical considerations, medication administration, airway anatomy and management. Successful completion prepares the learner for the National Registry EMT written examination. * This curriculum is designed to address all three sets of external standards listed below. Each competency or criterion that is identified with an asterisk is considered an advanced skill of the curriculum, based upon “optional” skills, equipment or medications from the Wisconsin EMT Scope of Practice. For EMT, these include: End Tidal CO2 Continuous Monitoring; Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation; ECG Monitor – Acquisition and Transmission; ECG 12, 15, or 18 Lead Acquisition and Transmission; and the following medications - Acetaminophen, Atrovent, Glucagon, and Ibuprofen.
Total Credits
4
Course Competencies
  1. Analyze the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) System
    Assessment Strategies
    Oral, Written, Graphic and/or Skill Assessment
    Criteria
    explain the EMS Systems structure(s)
    explain the role the National Highway Traffic Safety administration (NHTSA) plays in the system
    explain Access to the Emergency Medical Services
    detail the education required for EMT licensing
    analyze Authorization to Practice requirements
    analyze systems of care
    examine EMS history
    differentiate between quality improvement an quality assurance in the EMS system
    analyze the roles of medical oversight in the EMS system
    explain culture of safety in the EMS system
    analyze EMS MIH/CP and specialty roles in the EMS system

  2. Evaluate EMT responsibilities
    Assessment Strategies
    Oral, Written, Graphic and/or Skill Assessment
    Criteria
    categorize EMS professional roles
    explain EMT role responsibilities
    explain evidence-based decision principles
    examine importance of EMT-related critical thinking skills
    analyze EMT responsibilities related to public health
    characterize professional behavior for the EMR/EMT
    explain the role of the EMR/EMT in quality improvement
    analyze the impact of research on emergency medical care
    explain the EMT scope of practice
    analyze the emotional aspects of providing emergency care
    explain the importance of EMR/EMT physical fitness
    explain the importance of EMR/EMT psychological wellness
    Analyze safety precautions used while working on and near roadways
    analyze disease transmission safety protocols
    select appropriate PPE for a variety of responses
    demonstrate correct use of chosen PPE
    identify common immunizations
    identify immunizations that should be obtained by the EMR/EMT

  3. Apply EMT operational procedures
    Assessment Strategies
    Oral, Written, Graphic and/or Skill Assessment
    Criteria
    analyze field operations
    explain the importance of emergency vehicle maintenance
    explain principles of safe ground ambulance operations
    apply safe ambulance operation principles
    apply pediatric transport protocols
    explain the risks and responsibilities of transport
    apply safety principles of patient care during transport
    explain crew resource management
    perform triage for a mass casualty incident
    adjust treatment for mass casualty incidents
    apply incident management techniques
    meet FEMA IS-100 training requirements
    meet FEMA ICS 700 training requirements
    explain safety considerations for air ambulance operations
    analyze guidelines for use of air ambulance
    apply safety considerations for vehicle extrication
    use appropriate PPE during extrication
    perform simple patient extrication
    provide patient care during extrication, as needed
    ensure patient safety during patient extrication
    analyze hazardous material operations
    apply decontamination procedures
    analyze EMS response to terrorism
    meet WI weapons of mass destruction training requirement*

  4. Apply EMT Legal Requirements and Ethical Standards
    Assessment Strategies
    Oral, Written, Graphic and/or Skill Assessment
    Criteria
    explain the legal aspects of the EMS scope of practice
    characterize advance directives
    explain the ethical issues related to starting and stopping resuscitation
    explain the legal aspects of consent for various populations
    explain the legal aspects of a patient's right of refusal
    identify other legal considerations for the EMS professions
    apply confidentiality laws
    explain mandatory reporting laws
    explain the legal aspects of patient restraint
    document a minimum data set
    complete a pre-hospital care report
    document a patient refusal

  5. Apply EMT communication principles
    Assessment Strategies
    Oral, Written, Graphic and/or Skill Assessment
    Criteria
    apply therapeutic communication techniques
    apply positive relationship building techniques
    use interviewing techniques
    apply verbal diffusing techniques
    apply special situation interview techniques
    identify communication technology components
    use technology-specific communication techniques
    apply accepted principles of documentation
    apply diversity, equity, and inclusion communication principles
    identify medical word roots, prefixes, and suffixes
    define common medical abbreviations
    interpret common medical symbols
    use medical terms related to body structures
    use medical terms related to body systems

  6. Apply correct patient movement techniques
    Assessment Strategies
    Oral, Written, Graphic and/or Skill Assessment
    Criteria
    define body mechanics
    distinguish between urgent and non-urgent patient movement techniques
    apply patient positioning guidelines
    apply correct restraint techniques
    apply patient movement guidelines
    use patient movement equipment safely

  7. Apply pathophysiology principles related to EMT scope of practice
    Assessment Strategies
    Oral, Written, Graphic and/or Skill Assessment
    Criteria
    quantify the components of ambient air
    maintain a patent airway
    address obstructions at various anatomic levels
    evaluate respiratory changes associated with respiratory compromise
    quantify minute ventilation
    explain alveolar ventilation
    evaluate perfusion
    compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic metabolism
    compare and contrast the functions of blood components
    evaluate how systemic vascular resistance affects the body
    compare and contrast hydrostatic and oncotic pressures

  8. Analyze body system functions
    Assessment Strategies
    Oral, Written, Graphic and/or Skill Assessment
    Criteria
    explain the importance of different anatomical positions
    analyze components of the musculoskeletal system
    analyze the function of the musculoskeletal system
    analyze components of the respiratory system
    analyze the function of the respiratory system
    analyze components of the circulatory system
    analyze the function of the circulatory system
    analyze components of the nervous system
    analyze the function of the nervous system
    analyze components of the endocrine system
    analyze the function of the endocrine system
    analyze components of the reproductive system
    analyze the function of the reproductive system
    analyze components of the integumentary system
    analyze the function of the integumentary system
    analyze components of the digestive system
    analyze the function of the digestive system
    analyze components of the lymphatic system
    analyze the function of the lymphatic system

  9. Characterize human development stages
    Assessment Strategies
    Oral, Written, Graphic and/or Skill Assessment
    Criteria
    compare and contrast the anatomical differences among different age groups
    compare and contrast physiological difference among different age groups
    analyze infant development
    analyze toddler development
    analyze pre-school aged child development
    analyze school-aged child development
    analyze adolescent development
    analyze early-adulthood development
    analyze middle adulthood development
    analyze late adulthood development

  10. Apply pharmacological principles as related to the EMT scope of practice
    Assessment Strategies
    Oral, Written, Graphic and/or Skill Assessment
    Criteria
    analyze medication profiles
    analyze metabolism and excretion
    identify the medications used by an EMT
    identify indications of medications administered by EMTs
    identify the expiration dates of medications
    function with legal parameters applicable to the EMT scope of practice regarding medication administration
    analyze the risk of polypharmacy for all age groups

  11. Administer medications safely within the EMT scope of practice
    Assessment Strategies
    Oral, Written, Graphic and/or Skill Assessment
    Criteria
    apply safe medication administration practices
    administer medications through routes within the EMT scope of practice
    validate the right patient
    validate the right medication
    validate the right dosage
    validate the right route
    validate the right time
    validate the right documentation
    reassess patient after medication administration
    apply medication cross-check safety principles
    use resources for safe administration of weight-based dosing

  12. Relate the anatomy of the airway to airway management
    Assessment Strategies
    Oral, Written, Graphic and/or Skill Assessment
    Criteria
    explain patency of the airway
    analyze respiratory compromise
    explain age-related variations in pediatric patients
    differentiate between an adequate and inadequate airway
    compare and contrast the signs and symptoms of a patient with an adequate and inadequate airway
    differentiate swelling of the airway due to trauma or infection
    identify the anatomical structures of the airway

  13. Analyze the anatomy of the airway related to process of respiration
    Assessment Strategies
    Oral, Written, Graphic and/or Skill Assessment
    Criteria
    analyze causes for inadequate respiration
    analyze vascular structures that support respiration
    analyze how the diaphragm and accessory muscles aid in ventilation
    compare and contrast adequate tidal volume among various patients
    analyze alveolar ventilation in terms of dead space
    interpret the results of a CO2 monitoring device
    determine when to intervene based on tidal volume
    analyze alveolar ventilation in terms of tidal volume
    analyze alveolar ventilation in terms of vital capacity
    analyze alveolar ventilation in terms of minute volume
    analyze alveolar ventilation in terms of residual volume

  14. Apply airway management techniques within the scope of EMT practice
    Assessment Strategies
    Oral, Written, Graphic and/or Skill Assessment
    Criteria
    analyze oxygen concentration for oxygen delivery devices for all life-span categories
    explain reasons for interruption of ventilation
    explain the physiology and pathophysiology of ventilation
    demonstrate techniques of a tracheobronchial suctioning
    demonstrate techniques of upper airway suctioning
    explain anatomy as it relates to the use of non-visualized airways
    identify components of non-visualized airways
    outline indications and contraindications for use of non-visualized airways
    demonstrate insertion and use of non-visualized airways
    demonstrate the removal of a non-visualized airway
    Identify gastric distention
    demonstrate gastric decompression with the usage of an advanced airway*
    demonstrate head tilt-chin lift method
    demonstrate modified jaw thrust method
    demonstrate the need for either nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal airway devices
    demonstrate the use of nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal airway devices
    explain oxygen safety considerations
    demonstrate safe oxygen cylinder handling
    use an oxygen cylinder
    demonstrate the ventilation of a patient
    demonstrate use of oxygen delivery devices
    apply non-invasive positive pressure ventilation*
    demonstrate end-tidal CO2 continuous monitoring*
    demonstrate use of automated transport ventilator during CPR*
    demonstrate relief of foreign body airway obstruction (FBAO) through visualization

  15. Apply patient assessment procedures within scope of EMT practice
    Assessment Strategies
    Oral, Written, Graphic and/or Skill Assessment
    Criteria
    manage common scene hazards
    perform scene assessment
    obtain pertinent SAMPLE history
    assess history of the present complaint using OPQRST questions
    apply clarifying history questions, if needed
    identify chief complaint
    determine if critical life-saving interventions are needed
    apply components of a primary assessment/survey
    perform a primary assessment
    determine if age-related assessment considerations apply
    modify assessment based on patient age
    obtain vital signs
    perform reassessment
    perform secondary assessment
    identify pertinent negatives
    identify pertinent positives
    determine the type of assessment needed
    assess body systems for need to apply treatment as indicated by the chief complaint
    monitor pulse oximeter
    take non-invasive blood pressure
    apply ECG monitoring patches for obtaining acquisition and transmission of 12, 15, and 18-lead ECGs*
    monitor blood glucose
    apply guidelines for field triage
    make patient transport decisions
    apply end-tidal (ETCO2) CO2 monitoring equipment if used for a non-visualized or advanced airway

  16. Manage medical care within scope of EMT practice
    Assessment Strategies
    Oral, Written, Graphic and/or Skill Assessment
    Criteria
    administer appropriate medications within EMT scope of practice
    manage age-appropriate treatment(s)
    manage any altered status
    manage abdominal and gastrointestinal emergencies
    manage infectious disease emergencies
    manage endocrine disorder emergencies
    manage psychiatric disorder emergencies
    manage cardiovascular emergencies
    manage toxicological emergencies
    manage respiratory emergencies
    manage immunology emergencies
    manage non-traumatic musculoskeletal emergencies
    manage emergencies related to the eyes, ears, nose, and throat
    implement a treatment plan for managing medical emergencies

  17. Manage trauma care within the EMT scope of practice
    Assessment Strategies
    Oral, Written, Graphic and/or Skill Assessment
    Criteria
    modify assessment as needed for trauma patients
    implement a treatment plan for managing trauma emergencies
    manage age-appropriate treatment for trauma patients
    manage bleeding
    manage chest trauma
    manage abdominal and genitourinary trauma
    manage orthopedic trauma
    manage soft tissue trauma
    manage head, facial, neck, and spine trauma
    manage special considerations in trauma
    manage environmental emergencies
    manage multi-system trauma
    manage burn trauma
    apply the spinal stabilization assessment to determine if stabilization is needed
    analyze kinematics of trauma
    apply principles of the Golden Hour-Golden Period
    calculate a revised trauma score
    calculate a Glasgow Coma Scale score

  18. Address special considerations in patient treatment within the scope of EMT practice
    Assessment Strategies
    Oral, Written, Graphic and/or Skill Assessment
    Criteria
    modify assessment for patients with special challenges
    modify assessments for patients with physical limitations
    modify assessments for patients with cognitive limitations
    modify treatment for patients with special challenges
    identify home healthcare equipment that informs of patient status and care
    manage gynecological emergencies
    modify assessment for pregnant female patients in a traumatic event
    manage obstetric emergencies
    differentiate between normal and complex labor and delivery
    manage normal labor and delivery
    manage complex labor and delivery
    manage newborn emergencies

  19. Address shock within the scope of EMT practice
    Assessment Strategies
    Oral, Written, Graphic and/or Skill Assessment
    Criteria
    differentiate various signs and symptoms of shock
    identify patients in shock
    characterize stages of shock
    identify types of shock
    apply treatment(s) based upon the type of shock the patient is suffering
    apply age-related shock treatment considerations

  20. Resuscitate patient
    Assessment Strategies
    Oral, Written, Graphic and/or Skill Assessment
    Criteria
    treat cardiac arrest through the use of external defibrillation devices
    treat cardiac arrest through the use of manual external defibrillation devices*
    differentiate appropriate application of CPR and CCR
    apply CCR techniques*
    perform appropriate BLS per AHA guidelines
    perform appropriate age-related CPR per AHA guidelines