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Outline the range and variety of organisms that constitute the microbial world
Assessment Strategies
on lecture exam by calculating the relative sizes/volumes of microbial cells
on lab quiz by identifying various forms of microorganisms
on lecture quiz by labelling and describing functions of cell parts
Criteria
you correctly identify size as the main criterion
you calculate the relative volumes of yourself and a typical bacterium
you identify and clearly describe differences in cell size, complexity and number for each category
you can compare/contrast the cellular structures found within each type of cell
you compare/contrast the chemical make-up of these two microbial types
you identify various types of microorganism on microscope slide
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Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms
Assessment Strategies
on written exam by making/labelling diagram illustrating cell parts
on lab quiz by identifying each cell type through microscopic observation
Criteria
you can list and describe at least 5 features distinguishing these cell types
you can label diagrams illustrating common cellular structures of each cell type
you can list and describe the cellular structures characteristic of each cell type
you can provide examples of organisms exhibiting each cell type
you can distinguish the basic cell types by microscopic observations
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Distinguish between cellular and viral microorganisms
Assessment Strategies
on a quiz or exam
Criteria
you can clearly describe the 6 chemical differences and the difference in size between these microorganisms
you can distinguish viruses from cells on the basis of the "life styles"
you can compare cells with viruses based on the relative sizes
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Describe structural features that are characteristically found in prokaryotic cells
Assessment Strategies
on a lecture exam or quiz
Criteria
you can identify and explain the role of each structure illustrated on a diagram
you can list six features characteristic of prokaryotic cells
you can provide detailed descriptions of each cellular structure
you can explain the functions associated with each cellular structure
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Compare and contrast the structural anatomy of prokaryotic cells with those of eukaryotic cells
Assessment Strategies
on a lecture exam
on written responses to study questions
Criteria
you describe the similarities and differences in the organization of the DNA of these cell types
you distinguish between cell wall composition and structure of cells in these two basic categories
you can explain the role of compartmentalization in the two cell types
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Explain how vegetative cells differ from endospores
Assessment Strategies
by providing answers to study questions
by adequate performance on a lecture exam
by exhibiting appropriate technic in laboratory procedures
Criteria
you can distinguish between vegetative cells and endospores based on the survival abilities
you can describe how endospores are formed in vegetative cells
you can explain how endospores can return to a vegetative state
you can explain how endospores enhance survival of organisms that form them
you can provide examples of the significance of endospores in medical and laboratory situations
you can provide practical methods of controlling the spread of endospores into media and other environments
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Identify the four nutritional categories of bacteria based on their sources of carbon and energy
Assessment Strategies
on a lecture exam by identifying two criteria used to establish nutritional categories
in a lab by performing necessary tests to establish nutritional category of microbe
Criteria
you can combine nutritional criteria to establish four nutritional categories
you can distinguish two types of chemotrophy with nutritional categories
you can design a laboratory experiment to identify which nutritional category a microbe belongs to
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Distinguish between defined and complex growth media
Assessment Strategies
in lecture exam by listing difference between the two types of media
in lecture exam by identifying the circumstances where each type of medium would be typically used
Criteria
you prepare each type of medium
you can choose the appropriate medium for use in a specific situation
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Distinguish between differential, selective and enrichment media
Assessment Strategies
in lecture exam by distinguishing between selective and differential media
in lecture exam by explaining the uses of each type of medium
in lab quiz by choosing media components that would be used to produce each type of medium
Criteria
you choose a medium that is selective and explain how is accomplishes this activity
you choose a medium that is differential and explain how it accomplishes this activity
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Describe five categories of bacteria based on their oxygen requirements
Assessment Strategies
on lecture exam by listing the five oxygen categories
on lecture exam by describing how you could identify the category a particular organism is a member of
on lab quiz by identifying oxygen category of an unknown organism
Criteria
you explain the differences between the five oxygen categories
you design an experiment that will determine the oxygen category of an unknown organism
you use results of thioglycolate medium to identify oxygen category of an organism
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Distinguish between the various categories of bacteria based on their temperature ranges and pH ranges
Assessment Strategies
on lecture exam you define the microbial categories based on temperature and pH
on lab quiz be designing an experiment to establish temperature or pH category
Criteria
you use lab data to determine the proper temperature or pH category
you design an experiment to determine the cardinal values of temperature and pH for an unknown organism
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Compare binary fission with cell division in eukaryotic cells
Assessment Strategies
on lecture exam by identifying basic similarities between division processes of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
on lecture exam by identifying major distinctions between division processes in the two cell types
Criteria
you describe the basic purpose of cell division
you describe the duplication of DNA as it occurs in both cell types
you compare the rates of cell reproduction of the two cell types
you describe the basic differences between binary fission and mitotic cell division
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Diagram the bacterial growth curve in a closed system; label and describe each stage in the curve
Assessment Strategies
on lecture exam you produce a graph illustrating the four main stages in the bacterial growth process in a closed system
on lecture exam you describe the environmental conditions existing at each growth stage
on lecture exam you explain what occurs when a limiting factor is exhausted
Criteria
you can explain the difference between a closed and open system
you can explain the significance of a limiting factor
you can make a diagram illustrating the basic growth curve in a closed system
you can explain the changes occuring as growth proceeds through each stage of the growth curve
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Compare the following methods of cell counting: microscopic, electronic, viable count and turbidity
Assessment Strategies
on lecture exam you identify the advantages and disadvantages of each counting method
on lab quiz you perform each procedure accurately
Criteria
you can explain when the use of a particular counting method is appropriate
you explain the advantages of each counting method
you explain the short-comings of each counting method
you can perform each counting procedure accurately
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Calculate the values of N(o), N(t), n, g, or k during exponential growth
Assessment Strategies
on lecture exam you accurately calculate the values of N(o)), N(t), n, g, and k
in lab you can use appropriate lab data to determine the values of N(o), N
Criteria
you can state the appropriate formulae needed to calculate the values on N(o), N(t), n, g, and k
you can perform the necessary lab operations to identify the values of N(o), N(t), n, g, and k
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Distinguish between metabolism, anabolism and catabolism
Assessment Strategies
on lecture exam by identifying the distinctions between the three areas of cellular activity
on lecture exam by describing the interaction between anabolism and catabolism
on lecture exam provide formulae for the major anabolic and catabolic activities
Criteria
you can define the terms metabolism, anabolism and catabolism
you can describe the general catabolic/anabolic interactions relating to energy flow and compounds formed
you give the general chemical formulae for the respiratory catabolic pathway
you give the general chemical formulae for the photosynthetic anabolic pathway
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Describe the following features of an enzyme: chemical nature, active site, specificity and function
Assessment Strategies
on lecture exam you provide the general features of an enzyme
on lecture exam you explain the role of enzymes in lowering the activation energy of reaction
Criteria
you identify the chemical nature of enzymes
you explain the function of an active site
you describe the lock-and-key model of enzyme function
you draw a graph that traces the energy changes in an enzyme-regulated reaction vs. an uncatalyzed reaction
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Distinguish between enzymes and coenzymes based on their chemical nature and function
Assessment Strategies
on lecture exam define the relative roles of enzymes and coenzymes in metabolic reactions
on lecture exam distinguish enzymes and coenzymes based on their chemical composition
Criteria
you explain the necessity of enzymes at each metabolic reaction
you identify the use of coenzymes only at specific reactions
you explain the interaction of enzymes and coenzymes in raction requiring both
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Describe the differences between oxidation and reduction
Assessment Strategies
on lecture exam you define oxidation and reduction
on lecture exam you explain why redox is used in defining certain reactions
Criteria
you provide three activities that occur during a oxidation process
you provide three activities that occur during a reduction process
you combine the oxidation/reduction activities to explain the redox usage
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Outline the major steps in cellular respiration and fermentation
Assessment Strategies
on lecture exam provide the overall chemical equation defining respiration
on lecture exam you subdivide respiration into four major stages
on lecture exam you identify the starting material and products formed during each major stage
on lecture exam you explain conditions that distinguish aerobic respiration from fermentation
Criteria
you identify the substrates acting as starting materials in aerobic respiration
you identify the products formed as a result of aerobic respiration
you divide the respiratory process into glycolysis, pyruvic acid oxidation, the krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation
you identify the starting materials and products of each major respiratory stage
you explain the role of molecular oxygen in the decision to respire or ferment
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Describe four types of fermentation and the products formed
Assessment Strategies
on lecture exam describe the lactic acid, ethanol, mixed acid, butandiol and propiaonioc acid fermentations
on lecture exam diagram the steps in the five fermentation processes
on lecture exam provide examples of organisms that perform each type of fermentation
on lecture exam provide examples of uses of each fermentation process
Criteria
you draw the chemical structures involved in each fermentation process
you provide examples of specific organisms that perform each type of fermentation
you describe the human use of each fermentation process
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Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Assessment Strategies
on lecture exam distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic respiration
on lecture exam explain the phrase "final electron acceptor"
on lecture exam compare the two forms of respiration based on the final electron acceptors used
Criteria
you identify the role of the final electron acceptor
you identify the final electron acceptors used in aerobic anaerobic respiration
you list compounds used as final electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration
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Calculate the energy efficiency of an energy-yielding metabolic process
Assessment Strategies
on lecture exam you calculate the energy efficiencies of aerobic respiration and fermentation
on lecture exam you calculate the efficiency of a non-respiratory pathway
Criteria
you provide the equation used in calculating the energy efficiency of a metabolic process
you perform a calculation given the necessary energy values of the chemical involved
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Describe four heat-utilizing procedures used in controlling microbial activity
Assessment Strategies
on lecture exam describe four sterilization methods using heat
Criteria
you can identify the temperature range used in each of four heat-based sterilization techniques
you can identify the types of materials that can be safely sterilized using each sterilization method
you can describe the potential damage done using an improper heat-based sterilization technique
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Analyze data to determine the TDT and D value for a heat-sterilizing procedure
Assessment Strategies
on lab quiz use data from lab experiment to determine the TDT and D value of a heat-based sterilization technique
on lecture exam explain the uses of the TDT and D values
Criteria
you can use lab data to plot a thermal death curve
you can identify the time representing the TDT value on the thermal death curve
you can use two points on the thermal death curve to determine the D value
you can use TDT and D values to determine how long a sterilization procedure must continue to be successful
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Distinguish between disinfectants and antiseptics
Assessment Strategies
on lecture exam you can distinguish between antiseptics and disinfectants
on lecture exam you can describe the features of an ideal disinfectant or antiseptic
Criteria
you can provide the basic rationale for distinguishing an antiseptic from a disinfectant
you distinguish chemicals that are disinfectants from those used as antiseptics
you can list five criteria for an ideal disinfectant or antiseptic
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Distinguish between synthetic and natural chemotherapeutic agents
Assessment Strategies
on lecture exam you can describe the primary difference between chemotherapeutic agents and antiseptics
on lecture exam you can describe the difference between natural and synthetic chemotherapeutic agents
on lecture exam you can describe the changes made in the basic penicillin structure to improve its usefullness
Criteria
you can describe the bodily locations where antiseptics and chemotherapeutic agents are used
you can identify the changes made in the basic penicillin structure resulting in improved usefullness
you can identify natural from synthetic forms of penicillin
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Determine the MIC and MBC values of an antibiotic
Assessment Strategies
on lecture exam you can use data to determine the MIC and MBC values for a particular antibiotic
on lecture exam you can use data provided to determine if a particular antibiotic would be useful in treating an infection
Criteria
you can deisgn an experiment to determine the MIC and MBC values of a particular antibiotic
you can analyze the results of the experiment to establish MIC and MBC
you can use the MBC and clinical values to determine if MIC can be reached when treating a patient
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Identify 5 criteria used in deciding which antibiotic to use in treating an infection
Assessment Strategies
on lecture exam you can list in descending order of importance five criteria used to select an appropriate antibiotic to treat an infection
Criteria
you can identify situations where antibiotic use is inappropriate
you can use results from the Kirby-Bauer procedure to select a useful antibiotic
you can provide three examples of side effects from use of antibiotics
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Distinguish between horizontal and vertical genetic transfer
Assessment Strategies
on lecture exam produce a flow chart illustrating the two modes of genetic transfer
on lecture exam provide specific examples of the two modes of genetic transfer
Criteria
you distinguish between transfer within a population vs. transfer from generation to generation
you explain the mechanisms involved in each type of transfer
you compare the transmission modes of eukaryotes with those of prokaryotes
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Describe the roles of Miescher, Griffith and Avery in establishing the role of DNA in cells/organisms
Assessment Strategies
on lecture exam you provide a timeline of the discoveries leading to the identification of DNA as the genetic material
on lecture exam you can role of transformation in identifying DNA as the stuff of genes
Criteria
you can identify the contributions of the scientists discussed in the identification of DNA as the material of genes
you can provide a detailed description of the experiments of Griffith leading to the hypothesis of a transforming principle
you can describe the experiements of Avery leading to the identification of DNA as the transforming principle
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Describe the three key events occurring in a transformation process
Assessment Strategies
identify three events required for a successful tranformation event
describe the biochemical features of each required event
describe what will occur after each required event is completed
Criteria
you provide answers to study questions
you perform adequately on a lecture rexcam
you successfully perform a transformation procedure in lab
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Compare the major features of transformation with those of conjugation and transduction
Assessment Strategies
on a lecture exam make a chart listing features that can be used as points of comparison between the three forms of horizontal transfer
Criteria
you can identify those transfer methods requiring cell-to-cell contact
you can identify those methods using viruses as DNA vectors
you can identify those methods that occur under natural conditions
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Distinguish between a F+ and an Hfr strain of bacterium
Assessment Strategies
on lecture exam you can characterize DNA transfer between F+ and F- cells
on lecture exam distinguish between the limited DNA transfer of an F+ vs. the potentially full DNA transfer of an Hfr
on lecture exam you can distinguish between the effects of a free F-factor vs. an integrated F-factor.
Criteria
you explain the role of the F-factor in controlling the one-way flow of DNA
you explain the integartion process occurring when an Hfr is formed
you can draw a diagram illustrating how integration can lead to flow of donor DNA into a recipient cell
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Distinguish between generalized and specialized transduction
Assessment Strategies
on lecture exam distinguish between the range of genetic exchange occurring in generalized vs specialized transduction
on lecture exam you compare a lytic infection to a lysogenic infection
on lecture exam you can explain why lytic infection lead to general transfer while lysogenic infection leads to specialized transfer
Criteria
you can diagram in detail the steps in a lytic infection and in a lysogenic infection
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Describe the role of restriction enzymes in the bacterial system of defence against viral infection
Assessment Strategies
on lecture exam you explain how a bacterium can protect itself from infection by a bacteriophage
on lecture exam you define the role of methylation in protecting DNA from degradation
on lecture exam you explain the role of restriction endonucleases in protecting cells from viral attack
on lecture exam you can explain what "hybrid" DNA is
Criteria
you describe the methylation-restriction system used to degrade foreign DNA in a bacterial cell
you can use a ECo RI to explain the fuctioning of restriction endonucleases in DNA degradation
you can use an example to decribe the phenomenon of "sticky ends" formed as ECO RI degardes DNA
you can diagram an experiment where Eco RI can be used to make hybrid DNA
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Distinguish between a food-borne infection and a food poisoning
Assessment Strategies
describe why the phrase "food poisoning" is often misused
distinguish true poisonings from food-borne infections
provide three examples of each type of food-borne illness
describe the effects of botulinum toxin and staphylococcal enterotoxin
make a table comapring the features of a true toxicity with an infection
Criteria
you perform adequately on a lecture exam
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Outline the basic steps in the production of: cheeses, beers, wines and sauerkraut
Assessment Strategies
make a flow chart identifying the key steps in the production of each listed product
Criteria
you perform adequately on a lecture exam
you successfully produce a fermented product during a lab exercise
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Distinguish between a water purification process and a waste water treatment process
Assessment Strategies
identify the purpose of each treatment procedure
outline the steps involved in each treatment procedure
perform an MPN procedure to determine if a water treatment is successful
calculate the MPN value for a water sample that is not potable
Criteria
you perform adequately on a lecture exam
you successfully analyze a water sample to determine its MPN value
you calculate the MPN value of a sample given the required data
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Describe the stages in the nitrogen cycle emphasizing the role of bacteria in each stage
Assessment Strategies
make a diagram illustrating each step in the nitrogen cycle
identify the steps in the cycle that depend on bacteria for their completion
describe the role of Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter and dentrifying bacteria in the cycle
Criteria
you perform adequately on a lecture exam
you successfully perform lab tests to determine if N-fixation, nitrification, ammonification or denitrification have occurred
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Identify the key features associated with a pathogenic species of bacteria
Assessment Strategies
describe the following: carrier, vector, route of infection, infection portal, invasiveness and virulence factors associate with pathogenicity
compare exotoxins with endotoxins
distinguish between infection and disease
distinguish between signs and symptoms
Criteria
you perform adequately on a lecture exam
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Distinguish between an LD50 and an ID50 values
Assessment Strategies
identify the procedural feature used to distinguish these measures of virulence
make a graphic representation of data used to determine an LD50/ID50
Criteria
you adequately perform on a lecture exam
you can determine the LD50/ID50 values, given adequate laboratory data
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Describe how an LD50 and an ID50 can be determined
Assessment Strategies
describe the steps used in performing an LD50
identify the distinguishing feature in the determination of these two values
Criteria
you perform adequately on a lecture exam