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Apply measurement principles and demonstrate proficiency in measurement calculations
Assessment Strategies
Written product, lab, and/or exam
Criteria
Determine the scale of a given graduated device
Determine the appropriate number of digits and correct unit to use for a measurement
Identify the correct relationships needed for unit conversion
Determine a mathematically correct answer that includes the correct unit and significant figures
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Apply the scientific method by organizing, analyzing, interpreting, and communicating data appropriately
Assessment Strategies
Written product, lab, and/or exam
Criteria
Laboratory notebook for an experiment outlines the procedure, data tables and other relevant information
Graph is created by hand or by using a computer program
Graph is effective in plotting and analyzing data
Use principles of scientific reasoning to interpret data
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Describe the composition of matter at the subatomic level and chemical bonding in binary compounds
Assessment Strategies
Written product, lab, and/or exam
Criteria
Explain the structure of the atom
Explain the sizes and shapes of atomic orbitals
Explain how the values for the principle and angular momentum quantum numbers relate to the size and shapes of atomic orbitals
Predict the number of atomic orbitals in a sublevel
Relate orbital occupation to electron configurations
Describe the type of chemical bonding that will occur between a given pair of atoms
Determine whether a compound will be ionic or covalent based on elements in the compound
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Evaluate molecular structure and shape
Assessment Strategies
Written product, lab, and/or exam
Criteria
Classify the polarity of a molecule
Draw a Lewis structure for a molecular compound
Predict the three-dimensional geometry of molecules and polyatomic ions
Use VSEPR theory to determine the shape of a molecule
Use VSEPR theory to determine which hybrid orbitals are used in bonding
Explain when a simple binary structure does not require use of VSEPR predictions
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Determine the structure, characteristics and reactivity of structure and describe reactivity of simple organic compounds
Assessment Strategies
Written product, lab, and/or exam
Criteria
Draw and interpret both expanded structural and bond-line formulas
Determine the expanded structural formula from a given IUPAC name
Identify functional groups present given a structural formula
Predict the reaction type given two chemical compounds
Predict the products for basic organic reactions
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Apply the first law of thermodynamics and perform basic stoichiometric calculations
Assessment Strategies
Written product, lab, and/or exam
Criteria
Predict the type of reaction from a set of reactants
Write a balanced chemical equation for a given set of reactants
Evaluate or draw a potential energy diagrams
Calculate the activation energy and enthalpy change (Hess’s Law) for a reaction
Solve for grams, moles, atoms, or molecules of any substance in a reaction using given chemical data
Determine the percent yield for a given reaction from experimental data
[j1]Somewhere (in this competency, or a different one?) students should be able to draw the energy/location of reactants, intermediates, catalysts and products and identify whether a given species is a reactant, intermediate, catalyst or product using the energy diagram.
They should also be able to calculate the activation energy and enthalpy (or Gibbs free energy) of reaction from a labeled energy diagram
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Assess states of matter to describe phase changes and trends
Assessment Strategies
Written product, lab, and/or exam
Criteria
Describe the relationship between the variables of P, T, n, V for a gas
Calculate either P, T, n or V using the Ideal Gas Law
Describe the interactions that can occur between given atoms, molecules, or ions
Identify the following attractive forces when present between given molecules: ionic bonding, dipole-dipole attractions, hydrogen bonding and dispersion forces
Predict relative melting points, boiling points or physical states of substances
Determine the strongest noncovalent attraction for each substance
Explain each part of the phase diagram for a phase change
Calculate the total heat absorbed/released for a given phase change
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Evaluate chemical solutions qualitatively and quantitatively
Assessment Strategies
Written product, lab, and/or exam
Criteria
Determine chemical species present in a given aqueous solution
Describe interactions between solute and solvent
Evaluate the amount of solute and the volume of solution present
Calculate the mass of solute or final volume required to prepare a given solution
Calculate the molar concentration of solutions
Predict relative solubility of chemical compounds
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Describe ΔS and ΔG and apply the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
Assessment Strategies
Written product, lab, and/or exam
Criteria
Correlate enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs Free Energy
Predict reaction spontaneity from calculations of ΔS or ΔG of the reaction
Calculate changes in enthalpy, entropy or free energy using Gibbs Equation
Correlate the Free Energy to equilibrium
Calculate the Free Energy change of a multi-step reaction mechanism
Uses the standard states and reaction quotient appropriately for thermodynamic calculations
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Describe systems that are at chemical equilibrium and how various perturbations impact equilibrium position
Assessment Strategies
Written product, lab, and/or exam
Criteria
Describe the nature of reversible reactions and chemical equilibrium
Interpret the meaning of an equilibrium constant
Write the expression for a reaction quotient
Use the reaction quotient and equilibrium constant to determine how a reaction will proceed
Use equilibrium expressions to mathematically solve for the concentration of reactant and product species
Use Ksp to calculate the molar solubility of a compound
Quantitatively compare the solubility of ionic compounds using the Ksp
Use Le Chatelier principle to predict the effect of a change on the equilibrium position for a given change in temperature, pressure, volume or concentration
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Differentiate the properties and reactivity of strong acids/bases and weak acids/bases
Assessment Strategies
Written product, lab, and/or exam
Criteria
Identify acids and bases from their formulas
Define and distinguish between strong/weak acids/bases
Predict the products of strong acid/base reactions
Calculate the pH for a strong acid/base solution
Solve problems involving weak acid equilibrium to determine pH
Describe the relationship between Ka, Kb, pKa and pKb
Compare the relative strengths of two weak acids using the ionization constant
Predict the products of weak acid/base reactions
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Describe the general species and behavior of buffer solutions
Assessment Strategies
Written product, lab, and/or exam
Criteria
Determine the species present in a buffer solution
Predict the reactions that occur in a buffer to resist changes in pH
Use the Henderson-Hasselbach equation to calculate the pH of a buffer
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Apply the principles of chemical kinetics
Assessment Strategies
Written product, lab, and/or exam
Criteria
Apply the principles of collision theory to kinetics and to different systems
Demonstrate proficiency with reaction kinetics models
Predict and assess the validity of a proposed reaction mechanism
Write the rate law for a chemical reaction when given its initial rates
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Analyze oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions
Assessment Strategies
Written product, lab, and/or exam
Criteria
Calculate oxidation number
Determine oxidized and reduced species in a redox reaction
Balance redox reactions
Rank the relative strengths of oxidizing and reducing agents in a redox reaction
Use Nernst equation to calculate cell potential
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Demonstrate laboratory skills and techniques
Assessment Strategies
Written product, lab, skill demonstration, and/or exam
Criteria
Demonstrate respect for the rights, views, and work of others
Work with others to divide up tasks to complete experiments effectively and efficiently
Demonstrate the ability to work safely in a chemical laboratory
Demonstrate effective record keeping using a laboratory notebook
Demonstrate skills and techniques individually and as part of a group