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Explain the characteristics of atoms that relate to chemical bonding
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided when necessary.
Criteria
Write and interpret electronic configurations
Write and interpret electron dot symbols
Recognize electronegativity trends in the periodic table
Recognize atomic radius trends in the periodic table
Identify the number of covalent bonds that nonmetallic elements usually form
Identify atomic orbitals
Recognize the differences between ionic and covalent bonds
Calculate the formal charge on an atom or ion
Recognize the importance of electronegativity and polarizability in the formation of polar covalent bonds
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Explain the characteristics of molecules that relate to chemical bonding
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Predict the types of bonds for a compound formed from specific atoms
Predict the formula for a compound formed from specific atoms
Write Lewis and line bond structures for molecules
Use arrow and half-arrow (fishhook) symbols to show the movement of electrons
Use both the crossed arrow and delta symbols to represent a polar bond
Identify the properties of sigma and covalent bonds
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Explain the characteristics of molecules that relate to physical properties
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Compare the following intermolecular forces: dipole-dipole interactions, London forces, hydrogen bonding
Relate intermolecular forces to solubility characteristics of molecules
Relate intermolecular forces to boiling points of molecules
Relate intermolecular forces to shapes of molecules
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Compare acid-base properties of organic compounds
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Identify the properties of strong acids
Identify the properties of strong bases
Identify the properties of weak acids
Identify the properties of weak bases
Calculate and interpret the meaning of Ka
Calculate and interpret the meaning of Kb
Calculate and interpret the meaning of pKa
Calculate and interpret the meaning of pKb
Write the formulas for conjugate acids
Write the formulas for conjugate bases
Summarize the strength relationship of conjugate acid-base pairs
Identify the characteristics of acids and bases in the Arrhenius theory
Identify the characteristics of acids and bases in the Bronsted-Lowry theory
Identify the characteristics of acids and bases in the Lewis theory
Identify organic acid functional groups
Identify organic base functional groups
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Explain the role of orbitals in chemical bonding
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Identify the properties of sigma and pi covalent bonds
Complete a molecular orbital diagram
Identify the hybridization and geometries of atoms in molecules or ions
Relate resonance to the characteristics of benzene
Write resonance forms
Identify resonance forms as major or minor contributors
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Explain the characteristics of molecules that relate to their orbital interactions
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Identify orbitals involved in bonds
Relate hybridization to bond length
Identify functional groups
Identify and use the symbolism –R (alkyl) and Ar (aryl)
Identify the polarity and bonding in a carbonyl group
Identify conjugated double bond systems in a molecule
Identify cumulative double bond systems in a molecule
Identify isolated double bond systems in a molecule
Explain how conjugated systems allow for delocalization of electrons
Use appropriate symbols to represent resonance structures
Relate resonance to the acidity of organic compounds
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Interpret different types of chemical formulas
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Write and interpret the following for molecules: Lewis structures
Write and interpret the following for molecules: molecular formula
Write and interpret the following for molecules: empirical formula
Write and interpret the following for molecules: complete structural formula
Write and interprets the following for molecules: condensed formula
Write and interprets the following for molecules: skeletal formula
Write and interprets the following for molecules: line angle formula
Interpret the following for molecules: 3-dimensional representations of types
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Predict products for alkane reactions
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Write halogenation reactions for saturated hydrocarbons
Write combustion reactions for saturated hydrocarbons
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Determine physical properties of hydrocarbons
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Identify the trends in solubility for alkanes and cycloalkanes
Identify the trends in boiling point for alkanes and cycloalkanes
Identify the trends in density for alkanes and cycloalkanes
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Identify the names and formulas for alkanes, cycloalkanes and substituted alkanes
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Identify structures of isomers
Draw the structures of isomers
Write the correct names for alkanes
Write the correct names for cycloalkanes
Write the correct names for cycloalkanes derivatives
Draw correct structures for organic compounds (alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkyl halides)
Name and/or draw the structure for the methylene group
Name and/or draw the structure for the phenyl group
Name and/or draw the structure for the benzyl groups
Name and/or draw the structure for the nitro group
Name and/or draw the structure for the chloro group
Name and/or draw the structure for the bromo groups
Name and/or draw the structure for the iodo group
Name and/or draw the structure for the fluoro group
Name and/or draw the structure for the methyl group
Name and/or draw the structure for the ethyl group
Name and/or draw the structure for the propyl group
Name and/or draw the structure for the butyl group
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Determine the stereochemistry of organic compounds
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Write and interpret 3-dimensional structures using wedge/dash
Write and interpret 3-dimensional structures using sawhorse
Write and interpret 3-dimensional structures using Fischer projections
Write and interpret 3-dimensional structures using Newman projections
Identify molecules that are: cis or trans; E or Z; R or S
Use Newman projections to relate conformations to energy in molecules
Relate heat of combustion data to the concept of ring strain
Write conformations for small cycloalkanes
Identify axial and equatorial positions on cyclohexane
Identify chiral carbons and their relationship to enantiomers
Identify chiral carbons and their relationship to diastereomers
Identify chiral carbons and their relationship to meso forms
Explain how a polarimeter functions and the type of information it provides
Use appropriate symbolism to indicate an optically active compound
Summarize formulas for chiral compounds
Summarize ways to resolve racemic mixtures
Explain the concept of prochirality
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Determine the stereochemistry of substitution and elimination reactions
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Explain the stereochemical factors in SN1 reactions
Explain the stereochemical factors in SN2 reactions
Explain the stereochemical factors in E1 reactions
Explain the stereochemical factors in E2 reactions
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Summarize the steps in substitution and elimination mechanisms
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Draw and interpret energy diagrams for substitution and elimination reactions
Explain the kinetics of substitution and elimination reactions
Write mechanisms for substitution and elimination reactions
Predict products of hydride and alkide shifts
Explain the rates of allylic and benzylic reactions
Explain the kinetic isotope effect
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Predict products of substitution and elimination reactions
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Summarize reactants and products for substitution and elimination reactions
Indicate trends in halogens as leaving groups
Identify factors that lead to substitution and elimination reactions
Compare nucleophilicity and basicity
Identify factors that affect the rate of substitution and elimination reactions
Predict Saytzeff/Hofmann ratios of products in elimination reactions
Predict cis/trans ratios of products in elimination reactions
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Determine physical properties of alkyl halides
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Identify the trends in solubility for halogenated alkanes
Identify the trends in boiling point for halogenated alkanes
Identify the trends in density for halogenated alkanes
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Identify the names and formulas for alkyl halides
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Write correct names for alkyl halides
Draw correct structures for alkyl halides
Summarize alkyl halides
Summarize ary halides
Summarize vinyl halides
Summarize methy halides
Summarize primary halides
Summarize secondary halides
Summarize tertiary halides
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Predict products for free radical reactions
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Predict the product(s) of free radical substitution reactions of chlorine
Predict the product(s) of free radical substitution reactions of bromine
Identify the relative reactivities of chlorine in free radical reactions
Identify the relative reactivities of bromine in free radical reactions
Write products of NBS with alkenes
Summarize products of reactions of alkenes with oxygen
Predict monomer and/or polymer structures
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Summarize the mechanisms for free radical reactions
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Write initiation, propagation and termination steps of individual and polymerization reactions
Summarize the relative stability of free radical intermediates
Show peroxides as free radical initiators
Show phenols as free radical inhibitors
Write resonance structures for free radical intermediates
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Determine the stereochemistry of free radical reactions
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Explain the stereochemistry of free radical reactions
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Compare acid-base properties of alcohols
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Show alcohols as acids and bases
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Outline mechanisms for reactions of alcohols
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Outline the Grignard/organolithium reactions with carbonyl compounds mechanism
Outline the hydrogen halides with alcohols mechanism
Outline the tosylate esters with nucleophiles mechanism
Outline the thionyl chloride with alcohols mechanism
Outline the dehydration of alcohols mechanisms
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Predict products of alcohol reactions
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Draw products for the following reactions of alcohols with: halides, thionyl chloride, phosphorus tribromide, acids, oxidizing agents, reducing agents
Draw products for the reaction of alcohols with halides
Draw products for the reaction of alcohols with thionyl chloride
Draw products for the reaction of alcohols with phosphorus tribromide
Draw products for the reaction of alcohols with acids
Draw products for the reaction of alcohols with oxidizing agents
Draw products for the reaction of alcohols with reducing agents
Summarize the relative reactivities of hydrogen halides with alcohols
Solve synthesis problems involving alcohols
Identify oxidation and reduction in organic reactions
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Determine physical properties of alcohols
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Relate hydrogen bonding to the solubility of alcohols
Relate hydrogen bonding to the boiling point of alcohols
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Write names and formulas for alcohols
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Write the correct names for alcohols and diols
Write the correct structures for alcohols and diols
Identify alcohols as primary, secondary, and tertiary
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Outline methods to synthesize alcohols
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Predict products for the reaction of alkyl halides and hydroxide
Predict products for the reaction of reduction of carbonyl compounds
Predict products for the reaction of hydration of alkenes
Predicts products for the reaction of Grignard and Lithium reagents with carbonyl compounds, water
Predicts products for the reaction of alkyl halides and magnesium or lithium
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Compare acid-base properties of ethers, epoxides, and sulfides
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Compare the acidity of alcohols and thiols
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Outline mechanisms for reaction of ethers, epoxides, and sulfides
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Indicate mechanisms for the following reactions: Williamson ether synthesis
Indicate mechanisms for the following reactions: alkene + peroxyacid
Indicate mechanisms for the following reactions: intramolecular reaction of halohydrins
Indicate mechanisms for the following reactions: epoxide cleavage with acid and/or base
Indicate mechanisms for the following reactions: ethers and HI and/or HBr
Indicate mechanisms for the following reactions: sulfides by SN2
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Predict products of ethers, epoxides, and sulfide reactions
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Write reactants, products, conditions for the following reactions :ethers and HBr or HI
Write reactants, products, conditions for the following reactions: acid/base catalyzed cleavage of ethers
Write reactants, products, conditions for the following reactions: Grignard + epoxide
Write reactants, products, conditions for the following reactions: Williamson ether synthesis
Write reactants, products, conditions for the following reactions: intermolecular dehydration of alcohols
Write reactants, products, conditions for the following reactions: thiol + strong base
Write reactants, products, conditions for the following reactions: alkyl halide + bisulfide.
Write reactants, products, conditions for the following reactions: alkyl halide + alkyl sulfide
Write reactants, products, conditions for the following reactions: oxidation of thiols and sulfides
Write reactants, products, conditions for the following reactions: reduction of disulfides.
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Determine physical properties of ethers, epoxides, and sulfides
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Summarize the trends in solubility for ethers and sulfur containing organic compounds
Summarize the trends in boiling point for ethers and sulfur containing organic compounds
Summarize the trends in density for ethers and sulfur containing organic compounds
Relate hydrogen bonding to the solubility of ethers and sulfur containing organic compounds
Relate hydrogen bonding to the boiling point of ethers and sulfur containing organic compounds
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Write names and formulas for ethers, epoxides, and sulfides
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Write the correct names for ethers
Write the correct names for epoxides
Write the correct names for oxiranes
Write the correct names for thiols
Write the correct names for sulfides
Draw the correct structure for ethers
Draw the correct structure for epoxides
Draw the correct structure for oxiranes
Draw the correct structure for thiols
Draw the correct structure for sulfides
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Outline methods to synthesize ethers, epoxides, and sulfides
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Write the reactants, products and conditions for the following reaction: dehydration of alcohols
Write the reactants, products and conditions for the following reaction: Williamson ether synthesis
Write the reactants, products and conditions for the following reaction: alkene + peroxyacid
Write the reactants, products and conditions for the following reaction: intramolecular reaction of halohydrins
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Interpret IR and NMR spectra
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Identify major functional groups in spectra
Explain the effects of hydrogen bonding
Explain the shielding effects
explain the inductive and anisotropic effects
Identify chemically equivalent hydrogens
Identify relative areas
Identify splitting patterns
Identify compounds that produce spectra for IR
Identify compounds that produce spectra for proton NMR
Identify compounds that produce spectra for carbon-13 NMR
Calculate unsaturation number (double bond equivalents) for a compound
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Explain the theory of IR and NMR
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Explain the relationship of energy, wavelength, frequency
Identify IR vibrational states
Explain how IR and NMR instruments work
Relate magnetic states of nuclei to NMR
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Compare acid-base properties of alkenes and alkynes
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Compare the relative acidity of a terminal alkyne with other organic functional groups
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Summarize the mechanisms for reactions of alkenes and alkynes
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Outline the mechanisms for the following reaction: addition of acids to alkenes
Outline the mechanisms for the following reaction: Markovnikov and anti-Markovnikov
Outline the mechanisms for the following reaction: oxymercurationdemercuration
Outline the mechanisms for the following reaction: hydroboration, carbene addition;
Outline the mechanisms for the following reactions: Simmons-Smith reaction
Draw energy diagrams to explain: Markovnikov addition; effect of a catalyst
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Predict products of reactions of alkenes and alkynes
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Indicate reactants, products and conditions for the following reaction: terminal alkyne + sodamide and/or Grignard
Indicate reactants, products and conditions for the following reaction: addition of acids, halogens, hydrogen to alkenes and alkynes
Relate heats of hydrogenation to alkene stability
Indicate products and conditions for the reaction of alkenes and alkynes with potassium permanganate
Indicate products and conditions for the reaction of alkenes and alkynes with osmium tetroxide
Indicate products and conditions for the reaction of alkenes and alkynes with sodium bisulfite
Indicate products and conditions for the reaction of alkenes and alkynes with peroxycarboxylic acids
Indicate products and conditions for the reaction of alkenes and alkynes with oxygen
Indicate products and conditions for the reaction of alkenes and alkynes with ozone
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Determine physical properties of alkenes and alkynes
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Summarize the trends in solubility for alkenes and alkynes
Summarize the trends in boiling point for alkenes and alkynes
Summarize the trends in density for alkenes and alkynes
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Identify the names and formulas for alkenes and alkynes
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Write correct names for alkenes and alkynes
Draw correct structures for alkenes and alkynes
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Summarize the methods to synthesize alkenes and alkynes
Assessment Strategies
Minimum score of 70% on written exams and quizzes without referring to text and/or other reference material and with relevant tables and/or charts as provided.
Criteria
Use the E2 reaction of alkyl halides and vicinal dihalides method to synthesize alkenes and alkynes
Use the acetylides + alkyl halides method to synthesize alkenes and alkynes
Use the Grignard + carbonyl compound method to synthesize alkenes and alkynes