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Employ appropriate language in describing research data
Assessment Strategies
in the solution on a quiz, homework, project or exam
Criteria
you distinguish between population and sample data
you explain the importance of statistics in modern life
you differentiate data as quantitative or qualitative
you identify numerical data as measuring at the normal, ordinal, interval or ratio level
you explain the importance of random sampling for making statistical inference
you compare different random sampling techniques identifying situations for which each is appropriate
you determine whether a study is observational or experimental and recognize different methods appropriate to each
you assess a given study as to the presence and likely importance of confounding variables
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Employ appropriate representations of sample data
Assessment Strategies
in the solution on a quiz, homework, project or exam
Criteria
you generate frequency, relative frequency and cumulative frequency distributions from a given set of sample data
you construct a histogram to represent a distribution
you construct a frequency polygon to represent a distribution
you construct a scatter plot diagram of bi-variate data
you identify the most appropriate form for representing a distribution given the type of data and the questions being asked
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Calculate measures of central tendency
Assessment Strategies
in the solution on a quiz, homework, project or exam
Criteria
you calculate the mean of a data set
you calculate the median of a data set
you calculate the mode of a data set
you recognize variations in procedures for computing each of the measure given for specific circumstances
you evaluate the appropriateness of each measure of central tendency given the type of data and research concerns
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Calculate measure of spread
Assessment Strategies
in the solution on a quiz, homework, project or exam
Criteria
you calculate the quartile, decile and percentile ranks for a given data set
you interpret the quartile, decile and percentile ranks as measure of position
you calculate the range for a given data set
you calculate the population or sample standard deviation for a given set of data
you calculate the interquartile range for a given data set
you evaluate the appropriateness of the standard deviation, range and interquartile range as measures of spread given the type of data and research concerns
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Compare and contrast distributions
Assessment Strategies
in the solution on a quiz, homework, project or exam
Criteria
you compare two distributions with respect to central tendency
you compare two distributions with respect to spread
you calculate normal scores (z-scores) for given data values
you interpret normal scores appropriately
you construct a back-to-back stem-and-leaf plots to aid comparisons
you construct modified box-and-whiskers plots to aid comparisons
you interpret differences in center and spread of distributions in practical terms
you apply Chebyshev's theorem and the Empirical Rule to discuss limitations on variation and the meaning of 'unusual' as it applies to data values in a distribution
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Assess relationship between variables in a bivariate data set
Assessment Strategies
in the solution on a quiz, homework, project or exam
Criteria
you distinguish between dependence and independent variables
you calculate the correlation coefficient
you interpret correlation coefficient appropriately
you calculate constant and slop coefficient for linear regression line using the Ordinary Least Squares procedure
you use constant and slop coefficient to graph the 'best fitting' line to a set of sample data
you make reasonable predictions using the mean of the dependent variables or the least squares prediction equation, as appropriate
you assess the strength of the linear relationship between the variables in the sample
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Employ general rules to compute probabilities of individual and joint probability events
Assessment Strategies
in the solution on a quiz, homework, project or exam
Criteria
you identify probability experiments, their outcomes and random variables
you interpret probability by means of the classic, relative frequency and subjective understandings
you distinguish theoretical and empirical probabilities
you use combinatorics to compute number of outcomes in a given event
you represent sample space by listing all outcomes, using Venn diagrams, constructing tree diagrams or building tables
you use representation of the sample space and the basic definition of probability to compute probabilities of given events
you employ special and general rules of addition to compute probabilities of disjoint events
you recognize conditional probabilities
you use special and general rules of multiplication to compute probabilities of conjoint events
you distinguish between statistically dependent and independent events
you apply mathematical rules for computing probabilities to solve application
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Assess probabilities of events using probability distributions for discrete random variables
Assessment Strategies
in the solution on a quiz, homework, project or exam
Criteria
you generate a probability distribution for a discrete random variable from empirical data
you generate a binomial distribution for appropriate random variables using formulae and tables
you generate a multinomial distribution for appropriate random variables using formula and tables
you generate a hypergeometric distribution for appropriate random variables using formula and tables
you generate Poisson distribution for appropriate random variables using formula and tables
you calculate the mean of a given discrete distribution
you calculate the standard deviation and variance of a given discrete distribution
you compute expected values for a discrete random variable
you interpret expected value
you calculate probabilities of events based on the distribution of discrete random variables to solve application problems
you show all work in a clear and logical manner and verify solutions
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Assess probabilities of events using probability distributions for continuous random variables
Assessment Strategies
in the solution on a quiz, homework, project or exam
Criteria
you employ appropriate notation and accurate pictures when representing continuously distributed random variables
you calculate probabilities of events based on a uniform distribution for a continuous random variable given appropriate parameter values
you calculate probabilities of events based on a normal distribution for a continuous random variable given appropriate parameters
you employ the normal distribution to estimate binomial probabilities
you calculate probabilities of events based on the distribution of continuous random variables to solve application problems
you show all work in a clear and logical manner and verify solutions
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Derive distributions for sample statistics
Assessment Strategies
in the solution on a quiz, homework, project or exam
Criteria
you apply the central limit theorem to find the mean and variance of the sample average for a given distribution
you apply the central limit theorem to determine when the distribution of a sample average follows a normal of a student's t-distribution
you calculate the mean and variance of a sample proportion by applying the binomial distribution
you determine the normality of the distribution of sample proportions
you apply the chi-square distribution to describe the distribution of sample variance
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Estimate population parameters using sample data
Assessment Strategies
in the solution on a quiz, homework, project or exam
Criteria
you construct confidence interval for the population mean given sample data selecting the appropriate procedure
you construct confidence interval for the population standard deviation given sample data
you construct confidence interval for a population proportion given sample data
you interpret confidence intervals appropriately
you calculate the minimum sample size necessary to estimate a population parameter to a given level of confidence
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Estimate differences in population parameters using sample data
Assessment Strategies
in the solution on a quiz, homework, project or exam
Criteria
you construct confidence intervals for difference in population means given sample data selecting the appropriate procedure
you construct confidence intervals for differences in population standard deviations given sample data
you construct confidence intervals for differences in population proportions given sample data
you interpret confidence intervals appropriately
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Assess the validity of statements about population parameters using sample data
Assessment Strategies
in the solution on a quiz, homework, project or exam
Criteria
you carry out hypothesis test for the population mean given sample data using appropriate parametric procedures
you carry out hypothesis test for the population mean given sample data using appropriate non-parametric procedures
you carry out hypothesis test for the population standard deviation given sample data
you carry out hypothesis test for a population proportion given sample data
you interpret hypothesis tests, drawing reasonable conclusions and stating them succinctly in standard English
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Assess the validity of statements about differences in population parameters using sample data
Assessment Strategies
in the solution on a quiz, homework, project or exam
Criteria
you carry out hypothesis tests for differences in population means given sample data using appropriate parametric procedures
you carry out hypothesis tests for differences in population means given sample data using appropriate non-parametric procedures
you carry out hypothesis tests for differences in population variances given sample data using appropriate parametric procedures
you carry out hypothesis tests for differences in population variances given sample data using appropriate non-parametric procedures
you carry out hypothesis tests for differences in population proportions given sample data
you interpret hypothesis tests, drawing reasonable conclusions and expressing them succinctly in standard English
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Assess the relationship between two variables in a population using bivariate sample data
Assessment Strategies
in the solution on a quiz, homework, project or exam
Criteria
you compute the correlation coefficient for a set of bivariate data
you conduct a significance test on the sample correlation coefficient
you compute the constant and slope coefficients of a linear regression using the method of Ordinary Least Squares given sample data
you apply constant and slope coefficients from a linear regression to describe the relationship between variables in a bivariate sample
you construct confidence interval to estimate the expected value of the dependent variable in the population given sample data and a value of the independent variable
you construct a prediction interval to estimate the realized value of the dependent variable in the population given sample data and a value of the independent variable
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Assess the 'goodness of fit' of a theoretical model
Assessment Strategies
in the solution on a quiz, homework, project or exam
Criteria
you apply an appropriate procedure to assess how well a given theoretical model fits a set of sample data
you interpret hypothesis tests, drawing reasonable conclusions, and expressing them succinctly in standard English